The lunar month begins with sighting of the new moon. The renowned majority of the jurists regard the sighting of the moon in the horizon of the observer, and some others in any horizon, as a sign of the beginning of the
month. One of the common reasons of both viewpoints is the traditions, in which absolute words such as sighting (ru’yat), citizens of a city (ahl miṣr), and another country (balad ākhar) are mentioned. The proponents of difference of horizon have considered the absolutes as referring (munṣarif) the cities of the same horizon, and the advocates of sameness of horizon have not accepted reference (inṣriāf). In this research, after relating and commenting on the traditions, the legal, theological, and exegetical evidences on the non-reference are mentioned and consequently the theory of the sameness of horizon is defended.
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