Fiqh and Usul

Fiqh and Usul

A Reassessment of the Ruling and Scope of Hoarding from the Perspective of Criminal Justice

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hossein Farzaneh
Seyed Ja’far Alavi Gonabadi
Seyed Ali Sajjadizadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Fiqh and Foundations of Law, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.22067/jfiqh.2024.85523.1698
Abstract
Hoarding (iḥtikār) is a religious prohibition (ḥarām-i sharʿī) according to the majority of jurists. Also, from a legal perspective, it is considered as a discretionary offense (jurm-i taʿzīrī), for which punishments such as imprisonment, flogging, confiscation of property, and, in certain exceptional circumstances, even execution as corruption on earth (ifsāi fī al-arż) have been issued. The ruling and scope of hoarding are some of the disputed issues among jurispudence scholars. Prohibition (ḥurmat) and reprehensibility (kirāhat) are two normative characterizations traceable in jurisprudential works. With respect to its scope, some jurists have limited unlawful hoarding to certain foodstuffs, whereas others have extended it to all types of food and even broader human needs and necessities. The present study seeks to reassess the evidences of hoarding from the perspective of criminal justice and to judge the views on this basis. The findings indicate that taking into account standards of criminal justice (such as the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment) in analyzing the relevant texts strengthens the theory supporting the prohibition of hoarding. Regarding its scope, justice functions as a contextual indicator that establishes interpretive approaches that treat the narrations of exclusivity as illustrative (tamsīl), governmental (ḥukūmī), or context-specific (khārijiyyah) by reinforcing the apparent meaning of general proofs and thereby reinforce the theory of generalization.
Keywords
hoarding (iḥtikār)
justice
discretionary crime (jurm-i taʿzīrī)
proportionality of crime and punishment
Subjects
Qurān-i Karīm
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