Blood Money (diyah) for Bone Displacement with a Critical Approach to Article 569 of the Islamic Penal Code

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Mohammadjavad Mohammadi

Instructor of Advanced Seminary Studies, Member of the Fiqh of Criminal Law Department, Research Center of the Institute for Advanced Fiqh and Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran

10.22067/jfiqh.2024.88869.1806

Abstract

One of the most common injuries resulting from accidents is bone fracture, which in its general sense may occur in various forms. Bone displacement is one type of fracture in which the fractured bones are displaced from their original position, making it necessary for treatment and healing to first restore the bones to their proper place. Numerous ḥadīths specify a particular amount of blood money (diyah) for bone displacement. Nevertheless, the chapter on Blood Money (diyāt) in the Islamic Penal Code makes no reference to this injury or to the amount of compensation prescribed for it. In addition, the blood money for bone displacement has been mistakenly mentioned under the section for joint dislocation in some cases. Through a critical analysis of the provisions related to bone injuries (Articles 569–575) in the Islamic Penal Code, the present study examines relevant narrational and jurisprudential sources with the aim of identifying the sharʿī criterion for determining the blood money of bone displacement (naql al-ʿaẓam). Findings indicate that based on reliable narrations, the blood money for bone displacement is systematically equal to half of the blood money for fracture of the affected limb (except in certain cases), and this amount is to be added to the blood money for the fracture itself. Accordingly, it is suggested to enact a new statutory provision reflecting this rule and specify the exceptional cases in a note.

Keywords

bone displacement

naql al-ʿaẓam

manqqilah

blood money (diyah)

bone dislocation

Subjects

• Criminal jurisprudence

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