Typology of the Jurists’ Disregard for Ḥadīth with a Focus on the Principle of Lower Validation (Kāsirīyat)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

• Alborz Mohaghegh Garfami

Master’s Graduate, Department of Quranic and Ḥadīth Studies, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

10.22067/jfiqh.2023.80169.1501

Abstract

One of the methods for invalidating ḥadīths among many Shīʿī scholars is the early jursits’ disregard for authentic narrations and their refrain from acting upon them. This approach is rooted in the reliance on Shahrah-yi ʿĀmilī (utilizing practical consensus) in the process of engaging with ḥadīths. This disregard is verified through identifying the fatwās of jurists by referring to jurisprudential and ḥadīth texts up to the era of Sallār Diylāmī, or through references made by later jurists of the existence of common practice opposing the ḥadīth in question. The present study seeks to identify the types of deficiencies in narrations that have prompted such dismissals by the jurists. The study illustrates that these can be assessed in three domains: content, direction of issuance, and source of narration. In the domain of content, factors such as the opposition of ḥadīth to the objectives of Sharīʿa, the foundations of the sect, the practice of common people (Sīrah-yi Mutasharriʿah), the cautious approach of the jurists, and also the early scholars’ particular understanding of the narration and the presence of irregularities are noteworthy. In the domain of direction of issuance, identifying two factors are important: Taqīyah (dissimulation) and the nature of the narrator’s question. The deficiencies of the source of narration include: absence of mention in the Shīʿī canonical texts (four-hundred principles), inclusion in questionable books, mention in the chapter of rare reports, and compatibility with Sunnī writings.

Keywords

• ḥadīth criticism
• practical consensus
• early jurists
• famous disregard
• lower validation (Kāsirīyat)
• invalidation

Main Subjects

• Principles of jurisprudence

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©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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