Fiqh and Usul

Fiqh and Usul

The Oversight of Imāmī Jurisprudence on Sunnī Jurisprudence and its Impact on Legal Inference (ʾIstinbāṭ)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Alireza Ansari 1
Ali Norouzi 2
1 PhD student in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Law, College of Farabi, University of Tehran: Level 4 Research Scholar, Seminary of Qom, External Branch of the ʾAhl al-Bayt Fiqh Center, Qom, Iran
2 Level 4 Research Scholar, Seminary of Qom, External Branch of the ʾAhl al-Bayt Fiqh Center, Qom, Iran
10.22067/jfiqh.2025.90806.1875
Abstract
The narrations of ʾAhl al-Bayt and their silent indications are considered essential sources for discovering Shari'a rulings. The conditions and the prevailing atmosphere of the era of issuance (ṣadr) have significant impact on understanding the intended meaning of these narrations. Therefore, a single address may be interpreted with two different meanings across two different eras, and the silence of ʾAhl al-Bayt may only signify consent within a specific context.
The Sunni jurisprudential atmosphere is one of the most important comparative points regarding the era of issuance. This focus has taken shape since the time of Ayatollah Burūjirdī and Muḥaqqiq Dāmād and has overshadowed the indications of the narrations and the silence of ʾAhl al-Bayt, leading to the emergence of new views in numerous jurisprudential branches. Following a correct explanation of the "Oversight Theory" (naẓariyi-yi niẓārat) and employing the descriptive-analytical method, the present article examines the role of the general community's jurisprudential atmosphere in correct understanding of narrations under headings such as assumption of exclusive connotation (ʾinṣirāf-i khiṭāb), abrogation of specificity (ʾilghāʾ-yi khuṣūṣiyyat), generalization of a generic term (ʾiṣṭiyād-i ʿunvan-i ʿāmm), understanding of obligatory ( taklīfī) or descriptive (vażʿī) rulings, and the subsequent command (ʾamr-i ʿaqīb) regarding the imagined prohibition (tavahhum-i ḥaẓr). Furthermore, the authority of the general religious practice of the community in matters of widespread and significant trial is assessed, and the premises for arguing its validity are elucidated.
Keywords
Oversight Theory (naẓariyi-yi niẓārat)
the era of issuance
comparative jurisprudence
the dependence (taʿlīqa) of Shīʿa traditions on the general community
the general religious practice of the community
Subjects
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