An Analysis of the Jurisprudential Principle of the Dependence of Supererogatory Acts (navāfil) on Obligatory Acts (farāʾiż) (Case Study of the Ruling on the Traveler's Midday Supererogatory Prayers (nafla-yi ẓuhrayn) in Places of Choice (amākin-i takhyīr))

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Sayyed Mohamad Ali Salehi

Professor of Levels 2 and 3, Khorasan Seminary, Mashhad, Iran

10.22067/jfiqh.2025.89799.1833

Abstract

The rule of following and, subsequently, the midday supererogatory prayers of a traveler in the four specific locations is a subject related to the discussion of the traveler's prayer and supererogatory acts (navāfil). It is one of those small-looking yet significant issues that contain ambiguities making them difficult to reach a definitive legal basis. Among these questions are: Does the rule of dependence encompass supererogatory acts (navāfil) or obligatory acts (farāʾiż)? Is the following of navāfil by farāʾiż fundamentally provable? If so, does its scope also include the places of choice (amākin-i takhyīr)? And do the traveler's midday supererogatory prayers in locations other than the four specific ones carry the same ruling as those in the four locations? The present article evaluates the rule of following and the evidences for the legitimacy of the traveler's supererogatory prayer in the four locations. The study provides solutions to objections pointing to the absolute cancellation of supererogatory prayers (sutuq-i navāfil), the establishment of supererogatory prayers in the case of completion (itmām) or the intention of completion (qaṣd-i itmām), or their establishment in the case of treating the prayer as a short prayer (qaṣr).
The study employs library-based tools and a descriptive-analytical method and strengthens and proves the establishment of the midday supererogatory prayers for the traveler in the four specific locations, following a jurisprudential analysis. It concludes that the midday supererogatory prayers for the traveler in the four locations are established in an absolute sense.

Keywords

rule of dependence (qāʿidi-yi tabaʿīyat)

places of choice (amākin-i takhyīr)

the four locations

short prayer and completion (qaṣr va itmām)

traveler's supererogatory prayer (nafla-yi musāfir)

Subjects

• Religious jurisprudence

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