Fiqh and Usul

Fiqh and Usul

A Critique of Fayż Kāshānī’s Viewpoint on the Prohibition of Ḥaqq al-Mārrah, with Emphasis on the Objectives of Sharīʿa

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Sadegh Motaghipisheh
Hosein Saberi
Hosein Naseri Moghaddam
Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
10.22067/jfiqh.2025.91469.1895
Abstract
One of the exceptions to the prohibition against unauthorized use of another person’s property is ḥaqq al-mārrah, a doctrine discussed within Islamic transactional jurisprudence. According to this doctrine, a passerby may, under certain conditions, consume fruit from gardens and orchards situated along the route while passing through them. Most jurists have accepted the permissibility of ḥaqq al-mārrah. Fayż Kāshānī, however, along with some other scholars, has rejected it on the basis of general principles condemning interference with another person’s property and traditions that prohibit such conduct. The present article examines the arguments advanced by both supporters and opponents of ḥaqq al-mārrah, with particular attention to Fayż Kāshānī’s arguments and their critique. It argues, first, that reliance on the prohibitory tradition is insufficient because it is based on a solitary report and, in light of its conflict with the mutawātir traditions supporting permissibility, should be interpreted as indicating disapproval rather than prohibition. Second, it argues that invoking the principle against improper interference with another’s property and the principle of respect for property is invalid in this case. The study further analyzes ḥaqq al-mārrah through the lens of objective-based jurisprudence (fiqh al-maqāṣid), concluding that prohibiting this right would undermine the objectives of Sharīʿa relevant to this issue. Accordingly, the view that permits ḥaqq al-mārrah appears to be the stronger position.
Keywords
ḥaqq al-mārrah
prohibition of interference with another’s property
principle of respect for property
presumption of inviolability (aṣālat al-ʿiṣmah)
objectives of Sharīʿa
Subjects
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