Fiqh and Usul

Fiqh and Usul

A Deliberation on the Blood Money (diyah) for Internal Organs and the Approach of Imāmī Jurists Toward it

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Ferdosi Poor 1
Hosein Ahmari 2
1 Lecturer, Department of Fiqh and Foundations of Law, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor Department of Fiqh and Foundations of Law, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
10.22067/jfiqh.2025.91363.1890
Abstract
Islamic Sharīʿa provides mechanisms such as diyah and ʾarsh for compensating harm resulting from offenses against the human body. With respect to offenses involving internal organs, however, there is no specific proofs establishing the applicable diyah. This issue has received attention in recent years; however, the ruling is not the same across the writings of either based on Jurisprudence articulating the ruling (fatvā) or argumentative jurisprudence. Against this background, the present study examines the issue through library research and a descriptive-analytical methodology. An examination of the jurists' views reveals three principal positions: 1. diyah being obligatory; 2. ʾarsh being obligatory; and 3. diyah being applied to the principal organs, while ʾarsh being applied to the remaining organs. Although the three positions are predominantly fatvā-based and are not supported by explicit textual or rational proofs, an effort is made to properly explain the asserted and possible arguments for each of the three positions. The study concludes that a crime against the internal organs gives rise to diyah for three reasons: 1. the applicability of the rule of diyah for paired and unpaired organs with respect to all organs of the human body; 2. consideration of the functionality of an organ for establishing diyah; and the measurability of the functions of organs in the present age.
Keywords
diyah
ʾarsh
internal organ
general rule of diyah
Subjects
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