Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī and his Commentary Sources in Al-Tibyān Murtaḍā Karīmīniyā

Document Type : Research Article

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Abstract

Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'ān, by al-Sheikh al-Ṭūsī (385-460/995-1067), is the first complete Shī‘ī tafsīr which has been written in Baghdad during Buwayhid reign. This work is different in many aspects from other brief Shi‘ī tafsīrs (prior to al-Sheikh al-Ṭūsī) such as al-‘Ayyāshī, al-Furāt, and ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm al-Qummī, as well as Sunnī tafsīrs such as al-Farrā’, al-Ṭabarī, and al-Jubbā’ī. The same method of commentary writing of al-Ṭūsī can be noticed in later centuries among renowned exegetes such as al-Ṭabarsī, Abū al-Futūḥ, Mawlā Fatḥullāh al-Kāshānī, and ‘Allāma Ṭabāṭabā’ī. With a review of al-Ṭūsī's commentary sources and methodology in Al-Tibyān, the present article clarifies that this work has been a product of al-Ṭūsī's dynamic, critical, and comprehensive mind in his own age in Baghdad. The overall collection of temporal and spatial circumstances of 4th and 5th/9th and 10th centuries in Baghdad, despite the requirements, restrictions, and difficulties of the time, has rendered al-Sheikh al-Ṭūsī's Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'ān totally different from all the tafsīrs preceding that of al-Ṭūsī so that we may obviously consider it as a selected synthesis of the most important Shī‘ī and Sunnī literary, philological, theological, and exegetical works and thoughts concerning the Qur'an in the age of al-Sheikh al-Ṭūsī.

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